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Related Resources

Learning Environment Design Framework
Instructional Design Toolkit

ISD Concept Map
ISD Concept Map

Backwards Planning Model

Donald Kirkpatrick and Evaluating Training

In 1956 Donald Kirkpatrick introduces his four-level model of evaluating training that remains one of the central parts Instructional System Design:

  1. Reaction - measures how those who participate in the program react to it.
  2. Learning - the extent to which participants change attitudes, improve knowledge, and increase skill as a result of attending the program.
  3. Behavior - the extent to which a change in behavior has occurred because the participants attended the training program.
  4. Results - the final results that occurred because the participants attended the program.

For more information, see Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Evaluation Model.

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